Contaminación Acústica en la Logística Marítima
Impactos en Especies Marinas y Prácticas Sostenibles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20330672Palabras clave:
Contaminación Acústica, Logística Marítima, Fauna Marina, SostenibilidadResumen
La logística marítima, columna vertebral de la economía global, ha intensificado la contaminación acústica submarina, generando graves impactos en los ecosistemas oceánicos. Este estudio, mediante una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa y exploratoria, tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del ruido antropogénico en la fauna marina e identificar prácticas sostenibles de mitigación. Los resultados confirman que el ruido de embarcaciones, prospecciones sísmicas y operaciones offshore causa daños fisiológicos y de comportamiento, afectando críticamente a mamíferos marinos, peces e invertebrados. Los impactos clave incluyen el enmascaramiento acústico, el estrés crónico y alteraciones en las rutas migratorias. Las áreas de intenso tráfico naval, como el Atlántico Norte y el Mediterráneo, son las más vulnerables. Aunque existen soluciones tecnológicas (ej: hélices silenciosas) y operativas (ej: slow steaming), su implementación se ve dificultada por los costos y la falta de regulaciones obligatorias. Se concluye que la adopción de prácticas sostenibles es urgente para conciliar la logística marítima con la salud de los océanos.
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